List of Dog breeds (Page 20)

Podenco Ibicenco / Ibizan Hound

The Ibizan Hound, pronounced "I-bee-than" or "I-beez-an", also called Podenco Ibicenco in Spanish or Ca Eivissenc in Catalan, is an agile, deer-like dog of the hound family. There are two hair types of the breed: smooth and wire. The more commonly seen type is the smooth. Some consider there to be a third type, long, but most consider the longhair to be a variation of the wire.

Appearance

The Ibizan Hound is an elegant and agile breed with an athletic and attractive outline and a ground-covering springy trot. Though graceful in appearance, it has good bone girth and is a rugged/hardy breed. Its large upright ears - a hallmark of the breed - are broad at the base and frame a long and elegant headpiece. The neck is long and lean. It has a unique front assembly with well laid back shoulders and straight upper arm. In this way it is different from most other sighthound breeds in construction. It comes in both smooth and wire coated varieties. It is either red or white or a combination of red and white. Its nose is flesh colored, as are its ears, eye rims, and pads of feet. Its eyes are a striking amber color and have an alert and intelligent expression. The Ibizan may range in height from 24 to 29 inches and weigh from 45 to 65 lbs, males being larger than females.

Temperament

Ibizan Hounds are very intelligent, active, and engaging by nature. They are true "clowns" of the dog world, delighting in entertaining their people with their antics. Though somewhat independant and stubborn at times, they do take well to training if positive methods are used, but will balk at punitive training methods. They are generally quiet, but will alarm bark if necessary, so they make good watch dogs. They are sensitive hounds, and very good around children and other dogs alike. They generally make good house dogs, but are active and athletic, therefore need a lot of daily exercise. They do not make good kennel dogs.

Ibizan Hounds are "escapologists." They are able to jump incredible heights from a stand still. As such, they need very tall fences. They also have been known to climb. They have a huge prey drive, therefore cannot be trusted off lead unless in a safely enclosed area.

Health

The Ibizan Hound is typical of the Hound Group in that it rarely suffers from hereditary illness. Minor health concerns for the breed include seizures and allergies; very rarely, one will see axonal dystrophy, cataract, retinal dysplasia and deafness in the breed. Ibizan Hound owners should have their dogs' eyes tested by a veterinarian before breeding. Ibizan Hounds are sensitive to barbiturate anesthesia, and typically live between 12 and 14 years.

History

For many years, this breed was considered one of the ancient dog breeds. It was believed the Ibizan Hound originated in ancient Egypt, as pictures that appear to be of Ibizan hounds have been seen on the walls of ancient pyramids.

However, according to Elaine Ostrander, a geneticist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, recent DNA analysis reveals that this breed is actually a recent construction, bred to resemble an older form. In a study directed by Dr. Ostrander, with the aid of her colleague, Dr. Leonid Kruglyak, "they have found genetic variations that allow them to distinguish among 85 dog breeds and to identify an individual dog's breed with 99 percent accuracy," according to Mark Derr, a science writer for the New York Times.

Female Ibizan Hound

"We can assign a dog to a breed, but we can't tell what behavior it will have," asserts Ostrander. "There is huge variation in behavior between dogs within breeds." The results of the study, published in May 2004 in Science magazine, may help in the study of disease, both canine and human, because certain breeds are prone to some of the same genetic diseases as humans.

Wherever it may have actually originated, the breed were used to hunt rabbits and other small game on the Balearic Island of Ibiza. The Ibizan Hound is a fast dog that can hunt on all types of terrain, working by sight, sound, and scent. Spanish hunters run these dogs in mostly female packs, with perhaps a male or two, as the female is the better hunter. This breed is similar to the Pharaoh Hound, but the Ibizan Hound is larger and can have a multicolored hair pattern. The Ibizan Hound was fully recognized by the AKC in 1979.

Pointer / Pointer (dog breed)

The Pointer, often called the English Pointer, is a breed of dog developed as a gun dog. It is one of several pointing breeds.

Appearance

The Pointer should be athletic and graceful. The immediate impression should be of a compact, hard-driving hunting dog, alert and "ready to go." The primary distinguishing features of this breed are the head, feet, and tail. Hound or terrier characteristics are undesirable for show purposes.

Coat and colour

The standard colourings of the Pointer are liver, lemon, orange or black. These can be solid colours, or a combination of white with speckles (properly referred to as "ticking") and/or larger colored patches. Here are Pointer colors as described in the AKC breed standard: "Liver, lemon, black, orange; either in combination with white or solid-colored. A good Pointer cannot be a bad color. In the darker colors, the nose should be black or brown; in the lighter shades it may be lighter or flesh-colored."

Size

Most country's breed standards prefer symmetry and balance to perfect size, and most will allow an amount of variation if the dogs' size does not encumber the dog in the field. The approximate measurements are as follows:

Pointers excel at finding upland birds in heavy cover.

• Males from show lines
  • Height: 63 to 70 cm (25 to 28 inches)
  • Weight: 25 to 34 kg (55 to 75 lbs)
• Females from show lines
  • Height: 58 to 66 cm (23 to 26 inches)
  • Weight: 20 to 30 kg (44 to 65 lbs)
• Males from American field lines
  • Height: 56 to 66 cm (22 to 26 inches)
  • Weight: 18 to 29 kg (40 to 65 lb)
• Females from American field lines
  • Height: 53 to 64 cm (21 to 25 inches)
  • Weight: 16 to 25 kg (35 to 55lbs)

Health

The average life span of a Pointer is 12 to 17 years.

Pointers are fairly genetically sound as a breed. Some problems that can occur in the breed include hip dysplasia, cherry eye, epilepsy, and allergies.

Skills

The pointer is employed to find upland game. In performing his task as a hunters' aid, there are some skills that may be expected when hunting with pointers.

• Point This goes without saying. The dog should find and point out the location of birds.
• Honor Honoring is defined as when a dog stops immediately or within a few steps, usually in a pointing stance, upon observing

a bracemate on point. Also commonly referred to as "backing."

• Retrieve Pointers are not expected to be natural retrievers, but are often trained and expected to find dead or wounded game.

History

Pointers were bred to work with hunters. In the past they were sometimes used in combination with a retriever, to point out the game for the hunter. Pointers were also used as falconer's dogs. As early as the 17th century, sportsmen used Pointers to locate hares and then Greyhounds to chase them.

The history of the Pointer, like many breeds, is a reasonably debatable topic. (Cavanaugh, 1997). There are records of Pointers in England as far back as 1650 (Cavanaugh, 1997.) According to one source, the pointer came to be in the sixteenth and seventeenth century when pointing breeds including the Spanish pointer were brought from the European mainland to England. (Fergus, 2002).

Through both history and anatomical evaluation we see that at least four breeds were instrumental in Pointer crosses: Greyhounds, Foxhounds, Bloodhounds, and Bull Terriers. (Cavanaugh, 1997.) Each of these were established breeds with unique qualities that the Pointer could use to do its job; our forefathers were trying to build a very special hunting dog. (Cavanaugh, 1997.)

Pointers were brought to the United States where the breed flourished in the abundant open hunting land. At that time (late 1800s), the Setter was considered to be the bird hunting dog and pointers were not even permitted to compete in field trials with setters. Around 1910, however, the pointer began to beat the setter at its own game. The pointer has dominated the pointing breed field trials since that time. (Fergus, 2002).

One of the earliest dogs to exert influence on the breed in the US was a dog who was imported from England in 1876 - "Sensation ." He is well known as the dog on the emblem of the Westminster Kennel Club.

One modern American kennel, established in 1936, and known for breeding large quantities of Pointers, Elhew Kennels produced a popular and successful line of gundogs. Elhew pointers were well-known competitors at field trials for several decades.

In the southern United States, where the dog is so dominant it is often simply referred to as the "bird dog", Pointers are found in abundance. The bobwhite quail is the primary game bird there and is considered classic English Pointer game as the bobwhite will hold well for a pointing dog. Pointers also work game birds such as the pheasant, grouse, and woodcock with success as well.

Temperament

The pointer is known for its alert expression and gaze.

Pointers are even-tempered, congenial dogs happiest living indoors as part of the family. Pointers are affectionate and loyal. Their aggression level is very low to non-existent and they can happily co-exist with other dogs and often cats. Pointers are typically not territorial, although their size and bark will intimidate most people that come to your door. Pointers are very good with children, although young children and a clumsy young Pointer is often not the best combination.

While Pointers were bred to be a hunting dog, they are perfectly content given adequate exercise in a non-hunting home. Since they are a galloping breed, regular exercise is important for them, as it is for all sporting breeds. A securely fenced yard is a must to keep a Pointer safe since they are bred to hunt a good distance from their person. They typically do best indoors when they are left for the day. A well-exercised Pointer is a wonderful family member. Pointers are habitual "couch potatoes" who enjoy lounging on the family's chairs or sofas. This is a natural part of their desire to feel part of the pack.

Grooming English Pointers is not time-consuming. Their coat is very short and needs only a quick rub with a soft brush to minimize shedding.

Name

While the dog is often called the "English pointer" colloquially, there is no breed with that name registered with the American Kennel Club (AKC), FDSB (Field Dog Stud Book) or the FCI, and that name refers to the Pointer.

Polish Hunting Dog

The Polish Hunting Dog, formerly Polish Scenthound (Polish: Gończy Polski) is a breed of scent hound originating in Poland.

Breed history:

Hunting with scent hounds was referred to in Polish literature as early as the XIIIth century. Poland has always been a country covered by deep forests, full of big game where the scent hound was the precious auxiliary of the hunter. Hunting with scent hounds was highly esteemed by Polish nobility as attested by XIVth century chronicles. In the XVIIth century, at least two different types of Polish scent hounds were already well distinguished. Detailed descriptions are found in XIX th century hunting literature : in 1819 Jan Szytier (Poradnik Mysliwych) describes the Polish “brach” and the Polish scent hound; in 1821, in the magazine “Sylwan”, W.Kozlowski gives a description and provides illustrations of both types, the Polish “brach” (heavier) and the Polish scent hound (lighter); the very detailed description of Ignacy Bogatynski (1823- 1825, Nauka Lowiectwa) could be used as the first breed standard. After the first World War, the Polish scent hound was still used for hunting in Poland; in the eastern regions but especially in the mountains on particularly difficult terrains. In the Podkarpacle region, the famous Polish cynologist, Jozef Pawuslewicz (1903 – 1979) hunted with Polish scent hounds; he was engaged in the development of breeding this dog.

He wrote the first Breed Standard and it is thanks to him that these dogs were officially registered by the Polish Cynological Association.

General appearance

A lithe dog of compact construction. The bone structure is strong but not heavy. The build implies a great aptitude for mobility and an obvious disposition to resist difficult working conditions in mountainous regions.

Behaviour/Temperament

Stable and gentle. This dog is truly courageous and can even demonstrate proof of bravery. He is intelligent and easy to educate. Not aggressive but remaining wary towards strangers. To his qualities as a hunting dog, must be added those of an excellent guardian. During the hunt he gives voice with a characteristic melody in various intonations; a higher pitch for the females.

Polish Greyhound / Chart Polski

The Chart Polski (pronounced "Hart Pole-Ski") is a breed of dog originating from Poland. It is a large, muscular dog that was bred for hunting hares, foxes, deer, and wolves.

Polish Lowland Sheepdog

The Polish Lowland Sheepdog (Polish: also known as Polski Owczarek Nizinny, also PON), is a medium sized, shaggy-coated, sheep dog breed native to Poland.

Appearance

The PON is a muscular, thick-coated dog. The double coat can be of any color or pattern; white, gray, and brown are most common, with black, gray, or brown markings. It is common for colors to fade as the dogs reach adulthood. The undercoat is soft and dense, while the topcoat is rough and either straight or wavy, but not curly. The hair around the head makes the head appear to be larger than it actually is, and typically covers the eyes.

Males are 45 - 50 cm (18 - 20 inches) in height at the withers, while females are 42 - 47 cm (17 - 19 inches). The body is not square, but rectangular; the ratio of the height to the body length should be 9:10 (a 45 cm tall dog should have a body 50 cm long). The tail is either very short or docked. Some undocked dogs have tails that curl over the back.

Temperament

Polish lowland sheepdogs are stable and self-confident, but are wary of strangers. They have an excellent memory and can be well trained, but may dominate a weak-willed owner. PONs adapt well to various conditions, and are popular as companion dogs for apartment dwellers in their native Poland. PONs require a moderate amount of exercise daily. PONs also possess a unique personality.

History

Known in its present form in Poland from at least the thirteenth century, the PON is most likely descended from the Puli and the herding dogs of the Huns.

Kazimierz Grabski, a Polish merchant, traded a shipment of grain for sheep in Scotland in 1514, and brought six PONs to move the sheep. A Scottish shepherd was so impressed with the herding ability of the dogs that he traded a ram and two ewes for a dog and two bitches. These dogs were bred with the local Scottish dogs to produce the Scottish herding dogs, most obviously the Bearded Collie.

Almost driven to extinction in World War II, the PON was restored mainly through the work of Dr. Danuta Hryeniewicz and her dog, Smok (en:Dragon), the ancestor of all PONs in the world today, who sired the first ten litters of PONs in the 1950s. The breed standard was written with Smok as the model, and accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1959.

In the American television program Gilmore Girls, Lorelai Gilmore's dog Paul Anka is a Polish Lowland Sheepdog.

Health

In general, PONs are a very,very,very healthy breed. Animals should be checked for hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy before being used for breeding. PONs require a low protein diet. The life expectancy of a PON is 12 to 15 years.

Polish Tatra Sheepdog

The Polish Tatra Sheepdog is a breed of dog introduced into the Tatra Mountain region of Southern Poland by Wallachian shepherds, probably in the 14th Century, and used to guard and herd sheep.

The Tatras are large (100-150 pounds) white dogs with heavy dense fur. These dogs are very similar in appearance and temperament to the Pyrenean Mountain Dog and the Hungarian Kuvasz.

Pomeranian (dog)

The Pomeranian is a breed of dog in the spitz family, named for the Pomerania region of Historical Eastern Germany, which is today part of northern Poland and part of modern eastern Germany, and classed as a toy dog breed because of its small size. As determined by the FCI the Pomeranian is part of the German Spitz breed, and in German and many foreign speaking countries known as the the Zwergspitz, or Toy German Spitz.

Appearance

At an average of 3 to 7 lb (1.4 to 3.2 kg) according to AKC standards, the Pomeranian (Pom) is the most diminutive of the northern breeds.

The head of the Pomeranian is wedge-shaped, making it somewhat foxy in appearance. The ears are small and set high. Its tail is characteristic of the breed and should be turned over the back and carried flat, set high. When born, the tail is not spread out; it may take months for it to grow over the Pomeranian's back, and flatten. Beneath the Pomeranian's fur is a small but muscular dog, similar in appearance to a Chihuahua (dog).

The Pom's coat is its glory, two coats, an undercoat and a top coat; the first is soft, thick, and fluffy; the latter is long, straight and coarse. The undercoat is shed once a year by males, by intact females when they are in season, after delivering a litter, and during times of stress.

A Pomeranian dog.

The AKC recognizes thirteen colors or color combinations: black, black & tan, blue, blue & tan, chocolate, chocolate & tan, cream, cream sable, orange, orange sable, red, red sable, and sable. The dogs that have 2 or more colors (usually mostly white, with others), are called "Parti-Color".

The AKC also recognizes five "alternative" colors: Beaver, brindle, chocolate sable, white, and wolf sable.

One breed standard calls for a cobby, balanced dog. A cobby dog is as long or shorter than it is tall; try to picture it as a circle in a square. A balanced Pomeranian fits together logically and in proportion. For instance, a small, delicately boned Pom with a large head looks unbalanced because its head type doesn't match its body type. A balanced Pom displays legs in proportion to its body: neither so short as to make him appear dumpy nor so long as to make it look like he is walking on stilts.

This standard also calls for an expression that imparts great intelligence, showing that the Pom has an alert character and that he behaves accordingly. The Pom's alertness makes it a superb watchdog, and a great companion, However they are very feisty and stubborn at times (they need a lot of attention).

Temperament

The Pomeranian is a very active dog who is intelligent, courageous, and a loyal companion. Pomeranians enjoy walking, and are fit for apartment life. They can be trained to be good watchdogs. The Pomeranian is confident, commanding, and outgoing. Due to the Pomeranians small stature they are not recommended for homes with small children as they may become temperamental. They make excellent guard dogs and will sound a bark when they sense danger.The Pomeranian is lively and eager to learn. They get along well with other household pets if given a slow and proper introduction. They make wonderful companions for families with older, well-behaved children and the elderly.

Health

Pomeranians are generally a healthy, hardy, and long-lived breed. Poms often live 12–16 years. Some very healthy Poms have even been known to live 18-20 years.

The most common problem in Pomeranians is luxating patella. Also Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome and hip dysplasia can occur, but are rare in this small breed. Patent ductus arteriosus (a congenital heart defect) and collapsing trachea have become serious problems in Poms.

A litter of Poms that resulted from two black poms mating.

Dry eye, tear duct disorders and cataracts that can appear in young adulthood and often lead to blindness are also common. Skin diseases are quite common, especially allergies (that often leads to acute moist dermatitis or "hot spots") and follicular dysplasia (also known as alopecia X). Other problems that occur regularly include hypothyroidism, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia. Occasionally, hydrocephalus can occur in Pom puppies. Poms, like many Toy breeds, are prone to bad teeth and harmless episodes of reverse sneezing. Also, it is important Poms are trained not to mingle around peoples feet. Because of their loyal tendencies, they will follow from room to room, easily getting stepped on. Their delicate bodies will injure easily this way.

Grooming

A female Pomeranian during its shedding cycle.

Coat care for the Pomeranian is similar to the Pekingese. A daily or twice weekly (damp) brushing against the hair weekly is essential to keep the thick, plush coat, which sheds seasonally, free of mats. Brushing also helps to prevent dry skin and dandruff. A Pomeranian's coat needs very little trimming only every now and then. Combing is seldom necessary and sometimes totally unnecessary. Regular ear and nail care is recommended, along with peak seasonal bathing. However, it is unadvisable to bathe Pomeranians too frequently, as excessive bathing can damage their skin and coat by removing essential oils, especially if using anti flea products. Pomeranians are also prone to teeth problems, and it is recommended that their teeth be brushed at least once a week. Ideally, their teeth should be brushed daily and receive dental and vitamin treats.

Historical Owners

• Michaelangelo had a Pomeranian, who would sit and watch him paint the Sistine Chapel.
• Queen Victoria had 2 Poms.
• Sir Isaac Newton had a Pomeranian, who once upset a candle on his important papers, which contained more than 20 years of research.
• Sharon Osbourne has 3 Pomeranians named Minnie, Mr Chips and Pipi.
• Paris Hilton has 1 Pomeranian named Prince.
• Nicole Richie has a Pomeranian named Foxy Cleopatra.
• Ice skater Sasha Cohen has a Pomeranian named Mocha.
• Maria Sharapova has a Pomeranian named Dolce.

Fictional Owners

• London Tipton a character on the suite life of Zack and Cody had a pomeranian named Ivana.

Popular Mixes

A Cockeranian

Almost as popular as pure bred Pomeranians, there are many mixed breeds of Pomeranians out and about. While these usually have a good temperment, poor training and or abuse will create a dog with a very bad temperment. If for any reason, a Pomeranian Breeder chooses to breed a mixed litter, they will probably choose the Pomeranian-Cocker Spaniel mix, producing Cockeranian pups.

History

The Pomeranian originated from the sled dogs of Iceland and Lapland, which were eventually brought into Europe in Pomerania. This region, bordered on the north by the Baltic Sea, has been under the control of Slavs, Swedes, Danes, Germans, and Prussians, at various times, and most recently Poles. This region extends from the west of the Rügen Island to the Vistula River. The name Pomore or Pommern, was given to the district about the time of Charlemagne, and comes from the Latin Longum Mare ("along the sea".) Breeders in Pomerania improved the coat and bred the dogs down for city living, but they were still 20 pounds or more when they reached England.

English breeders, through trial and error and Mendelean theories, are credited for reducing the dog's size and developing the many colors. The Pomeranian of today is small due to selective breeding, but the breed still retains the hardy disposition and thick coat typical of dogs in cold climates.

A black and white Pomeranian.

Queen Charlotte first introduced the Pomeranian to English nobility, however; the Pom gained international popularity when her granddaughter Victoria returned from vacation in Florence, Italy with a Pomeranian named Marco.

It should be noted that the Pomeranian as a modern breed did not exist until the 19th century. The dogs owned by Queen Charlotte & Queen Victoria were much larger and were German Spitz and a Volpino Italiano. The same is true of any other historical Pom from before the 19th century.

The FCI classifies the German Spitz as one family consisting of the Dwarf (Pomeranian), Small and Standard (American Eskimo Dog), and Wolfsspitz (Keeshond). Additional close relatives of the Pomeranian are the Norwegian Elkhound, the Schipperke, and possibly the Samoyed.

Pont-Audemer Spaniel

The Pont-Audemer Spaniel or Epagneul Pont-Audemer is a breed of gundog which is virtually unknown outside of its native country of France.

Appearance

The Pont-Audemer Spaniel is a medium-sized dog, weighing 44 to 60 pounds (20-27 kg), and standing around 20 to 23 inches (52-58 cm).

The coat is long and wavy, but smooth about the face. The color is liver or brown, or a mixture of liver or brown and white. Ticking is quite common.

Temperament

Though hardy, as well as hard-working, the breed has the typical spaniel traits of being easy to train, gentle, and affectionate. The dogs are known to have a fun-loving quality and in France are said to be le petit clown des marais (the little clown of the marshes).

Working dogs

Pont-Audemer Spaniels are usually found in a working gundog environment, and are rarely kept as mere family pets. The dogs specialize as water dogs, but like their relative, the Brittany Spaniel, can also work as pointers and flushers.

History

The breed is alleged to have been developed in the Pont-Audemer region of France in the nineteenth century. It is believed that the Barbet and/or Poodle may have gone into the Pont-Audemer's makeup as well as old spaniel breeds such as the Picardy Spaniel. The breed's numbers were never large, and so few examples existed after World War II that it became necessary to cross-breed dogs with Irish Water Spaniels. The population of these unique spaniels is still small, and the breed is in danger of extinction.

Poodle

The Poodle is a breed of dog. Toy, miniature, and standard poodles are distinguished by adult shoulder height. Poodles come in many colors including black, white, red, apricot, silver, and brown. They also appear in parti-color, or multi-colors. While the multi-color poodles cannot be shown in the American Kennel Club (AKC), Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) or any Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) conformation ring, they can be shown in the United Kennel Club (UKC) show ring and in all performance rings.

The FCI lists the country of origin as France; although the three major sizes of Poodles can be traced to the times of the ancient Egyptians along with Greyhounds. Poodles are retrievers; or gun dogs, and can still be seen in that role. The show clips evolved from working clips which were originally to provide warmth for major joints during duck hunts in cold water. The rest of the body is shaved for less drag in the water. Poodles have been popular all through Europe for several hundred years. They also are skilled at most other dog events including herding, agility, obedience and tracking.

They are elegant in the show ring, having taken top honors in many shows. The poodle coat is dense and generally does not shed. As a result the coats in showing condition require extensive care and grooming. Most pet poodle owners keep their poodles in much simpler cuts that are easier to care for and require less grooming.

The name poodle comes from the German word Pudel, which is short for Pudelhund, which means "splashing dog". This reflects the breed's former use as a retriever of water (the word Pudel is related to the English word puddle).

Appearance

General appearance

According to the AKC standard,a poodle should be of moderate build, neither heavy or insubstantial. It should have an elegant, balanced appearance, and should carry itself in a "proud" or "dignified" manner.

Most poodles are proportionally long-leged dogs. They have dense, curly, non-shedding fur that grows year-round and requires regular grooming. Most are solid-colored, and many registries only allow solid colors in conformation shows. "Parti" (short for parti-colored) poodles have large patches of colors. "Phantom" poodles have the color pattern of a black-and-tan dog, although not necessarily black and tan. Solid-colored poodles may either "hold" their color (i.e., stay more or less the same color throughout their lives) or "fade" or "clear" to a lighter shade. Usually, the ears and the thicker guard hairs hold more of the original color than other fur.

The tail is usually docked in the US, less often in Europe. These days, tails, when docked, are left much longer than in times past. "Bunny tails" (very short-docked tails) are now rarely seen except among puppy millers.

Coat

A cream Standard Poodle in a continental clip

Poodle show clips require many hours of brushing and care per week, about 10 hours/week for a standard poodle. Poodles are usually clipped down as soon as their show career is over and put into a lower-maintenance cut. Pet clips are much less elaborate than show clips and require much less maintenance.

Poodle hair is similar in texture to sheep's wool, but not used for any commercial purpose. There are some cases of allergies to poodle wool with symptoms consisting of rashes, runny noses, itchy eyes and severe sneezing.

Show clips

Many breed registries allow only certain clips for poodles shown in conformation. In American Kennel Club (AKC) shows, adults must be shown in the "continental" or "English saddle" clips. Dogs under 12 months old may be shown with a "puppy clip". A handful of registries, such as the United Kennel Club, allow simpler clips.

Puppy clip

In the puppy clip, the face, throat, base of the tail and feet are shaved. The coat may be shaped with scissors for neatness. Although this clip appears simpler than the other clips, the length of the hair makes it as difficult (maybe more so) to maintain as the adult clips.

Continental clip

In the continental clip the face, throat, feet and part of the tail are shaved. The upper half of the front legs is shaved, leaving "pompoms" around the ankles. The hindquarters are shaved except for pompoms on the lower leg (from the hock to the base of the foot) and optional round areas (sometimes called "rosettes") over the hips. The continental clip is the most popular show clip today.

English Saddle clip

A corded Standard Poodle

The English saddle clip is similar to the continental, except for the hindquarters. The hindquarters are not shaved except a small curved area on each flank (just behind the body), the feet, and bands just below the stifle (knee) and above the hock, leaving three pompoms. This clip is now rarely seen in Standard Poodles.

Pet clips

Pet clips can be as simple or elaborate as the owner wants. The hair under the tail should always be kept short to keep feces from getting matted in the fur. Most owners also keep the feet and face clipped short to keep dirt from matting between toes and food from matting around the dog's muzzle. Beyond the sanitary requirements, the desired clip depends on the owner's preference. Some owners maintain a longer clip in winter than summer. Longer hair should be brushed daily to remove any tangles.

Corded coat

In most cases, whether a poodle is in a pet or show clip, fur is completely brushed out. Poodle fur can also be "corded" with rope-like mats similar to those of a Komondor. Though once as common as the curly poodle, corded poodles are now very rare. Corded coats are difficult to keep clean and take a long time to dry after a bath. Any poodle with a normal coat can be corded when their adult coat is in. Corded poodles may be shown in AKC, FCI, CKC and UKC shows.

Temperament

The Miniature poodle, which is of intermediate size between Standard and Toy.

Poodles are intelligent, alert, and active. Arguably one of the most intelligent breeds , historically, their aptitude has made them ideal for performing in circuses across the globe for centuries. Otherwise notable is this breed's keen sense for instinctual behavior. In particular, marking and hunting drives are more readily observable than in most other breeds. Even Toys will point birds. Classified as highly-energetic, poodles can also get bored fairly easily and have been known to get creative about finding mischief.

Poodles are extremely people-oriented dogs and, therefore, are eager to please. They are excellent watchdogs, but unlike some working breeds, don't usually become "one-person" dogs when they are part of a family. Standard Poodles in particular tend to be good with children. Poodles are adaptable and easy to train. Other notable aspects of poodle temperament are their agility and athleticism and, like with most dogs, they appreciate a lot of exercise, but they are extremely territorial.

Health

With proper care and nutrition, many enjoy life well into their teens. This Toy Poodle just turned 16, and with arthritis medication still has a very active life.

The most common serious health issues of standard poodles (listed in order of the number of reported cases in the Poodle Health Registry (as of August 20, 2007) are Addison's disease, gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV = bloat/torsion), thyroid issues (hyperthyroid and hypothyroid), epilepsy, sebaceous adenitis, juvenile renal disease, hip dysplasia, and cancer. Standard poodles are also susceptible to some health issues usually too minor to report to the poodle health registry. The most common of these minor issues are probably ear infections. Ear infections are a problem in all poodle varieties. Ear problems can be minimized by proper ear care. A veterinarian should be consulted if the dog shows signs of an ear infection, lest a minor issue turn into a major issue.

Addison's Disease

Addison's disease is (as of August 20, 2007) is the illness most commonly reported to the Poodle Health Registry. The number of reported cases of Addison's disease is nearly twice as high as the next most common problem (GDV). Addison's disease is characterized by insufficient production of gluticocorticoid and/or mineralocortoid in the adrenal cortex. Addison's is often undiagnosed because early symptoms are vague and easily mistaken for other conditions. Standard poodles with unexplained lethargy, frequent gastric disturbances, or an inability to tolerate stress should be tested for Addison's. Addison's can cause fatal sodium/potassium imbalances, but, if caught early and treated with lifelong medication, most dogs can live a relatively normal life.

Gastric dilatation volvulus

Standard poodle owners should take special note of the high incidence of GDV (Gastric dilatation volvulus) in this breed. Excess gas trapped in the dog's stomach causes "bloat." Twisting of the stomach (volvulus or "torsion") causes or is caused by excess gas. Symptoms include restlessness, inability to get comfortable, pacing, or retching without being able to bring up anything. The dog's abdomen may be visibly swollen but dogs can bloat or torsion without visible swelling. GDV is a dire emergency condition. If you suspect a dog is bloating, you should not wait to see if he improves. A dog with GDV requires immediate veterinary care. The dog's survival usually depends on whether the owner can get him to the vet in time. It is a good idea for a standard poodle owner to know the route to the nearest 24-hour emergency clinic, so time is not wasted looking for directions.

Longevity and causes of death

Standard Poodles in UK, Denmark and USA/Canada surveys had a median lifespan of 11.5 to 12 years. In a UK survey, the most common causes of death were cancer (30%), old age (18%), GDV (bloat/torsion, 6%), and cardiac disease (5%).

Miniature and Toy Poodles in UK surveys had median lifespans of 14 to 14.5 years. In Miniature Poodles, the leading cause of death was old age (39%). In Toy Poodles, the leading causes of death were old age (25%) and kidney failure (20%).

Common illnesses

• Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
• Cataracts
• Congenital heart disease
• Chronic active hepatitis
• Cushing's syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism)
• Distichiasis
• Entropion
• Epilepsy
• Glaucoma
• Intervertebral disc degeneration
• Lacrimal duct atresia
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome
• Progressive retinal atrophy
• Patellar luxation (Toy and Miniature)
• Trichiasis
• Urolithiasis.
• Hip dysplasia (Standard)
• Hypothyroidism
• Gastric torsion
• Osteosarcoma
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Sebaceous adenitis
• gastric dilatation-volvulus
• Von Willebrand's disease

Poodle hybrids

Main article: Poodle hybrid

Poodles are a popular breed to include in intentional crosses with other dog breeds. In some cases, the purpose of using a poodle in a cross is to try to retain the non-shedding poodle coat in the offspring. Sometimes, the only reason appears to be improved marketing of puppies, in that the "poo" and "oodle" syllables lend themselves to the creation of cute names attractive to puppy buyers. Currently, crosses of poodles with labrador retrievers ("labradoodles") or golden retrievers ("goldendoodles") are very popular.

A cross between a shedding breed and a poodle does not reliably produce a non-shedding dog. Most of the offspring will shed to some extent. Because they often do not shed as much as the shedding parent, they will usually require regular grooming, including haircuts. People with dog allergies who want a poodle mix should spend enough time with the dog to ensure they will not have a reaction before commiting to ownership.

Poodle crosses are considered mixed breed dogs by most mainstream dog registries, such as the American Kennel Club (AKC), and are not eligible for registration, even if both parents are registered.

Porcelaine

The Porcelaine is a breed of dog originating from France. It is believed to be the oldest of the French scent hounds. Its alternate name is the Chien de Franche-Comté, named after a French region bordering Switzerland. This caused some debate over the dog's origin, but it has been decided that it is a French dog.

Appearance

The Porcelaine gets its name from its shiny coat, said to make it resemble a porcelain statuette. The fur is white, sometimes with orange spots, often on the ears. The skin should be white with black mottling that is visible through the white coat. The fur is incredibly short and very fine. The nose of a Porcelaine dog is black with very wide nostrils. It also has black eyes and thin, pointy ears that droop down like a Labrador's. The neck is long and the tail starts thick and narrows to a point at the end.

Porcelaine males range from 22 to 23 inches (about 56 to 58.5 centimeters) tall. Bitches are 21 to 22 inches (about 53.5 to 56 centimeters) tall. They weight from 55 to 62 pounds (about 25 to 28 kilograms).

Temperament

Porcelaines has a very high activity level and therefore needs a lot of exercise. Because of this, they are not recommended for people living in apartments because they cannot get sufficient exercise without a lot of work on the owner's part. Despite the Porcelaines being fierce hunters, they are gentle and relatively easy to handle.

Breed History

The Porcelaine is thought to be a descendant of the English Harrier, some of the smaller Laufhounds of Switzerland, and the now-extinct Montaimboeuf. There have been records of the breed in France since 1845 and in Switzerland since 1880. The breed actually disappeared after the French Revolution (1789-1799) but has been reconstructed.

Health

Porcelaines have no health issues specific to the breed. Of course, they suffer from general dog issues like any other breed.

Care

The coat, due to its shortness, is very easy to care for.

Use in Hunting

The Porcelaine is a hunting dog usually used to hunt hare, roe deer, and in the north wild boar. The Porcelaines hunt in packs. Being a scent hound, it has a very good sense of smell with which it hunts. The Porcelaine is a fierce hunting dog that has been bred to hunt independently without many orders from the owner.

Portuguese Podengo

The Portuguese Podengo is an ancient sight hound and scent hound breed of dog from Portugal. The Podengo comes in three sizes - small (Pequeno), medium (Médio) and large (Grande), each with two hair coats (smooth and wirehaired).

The rarest of all, the Grande, was most likely developed from larger Medios and the Pequeno was most likely developed also from the Medio. Of the three, the Pequeno displays more color variety because of possible outcrossing centuries ago with other breeds, possibly terriers or other ancestors of the chihuahua. This is evident in the variety of head shape, body type and coloration in the Pequeno.

Each has a different temperament but all three love to hunt, as is their heritage and tradition in their native country. Typically, the dogs hunt in a pack with their human companion following them on large tracts of land with lots of game. Their hunting style is of an independent nature, with the dog(s) forging ahead with the hunter within their site range (which can be many acres). When game is found, they will kill it and bring it back to the hunter or wait for the hunter to catch up and shoot it. Each is capable of hunting game that is appropriate to their size. (Pequeno-rabbits, Médio-rabbits, Grande-deer and wild boar).

Types and varieties

There are three types of Podengos: Podengo Grande , Podengo Medio and Podengo Pequeno.

Within each type are two varieties: smooth (also referred to as smooth coat) and wirehaired (also referred to as wire coat or rough coat). All of these types are called 'Portuguese Podengo' as a 'breed,' although none of these six types are interbred.

1. Portuguese Podengo Pequeno (Smooth)
2. Portuguese Podengo Pequeno (Wirehaired)
3. Portuguese Podengo Médio (Smooth)
4. Portuguese Podengo Médio (Wirehaired)
5. Portuguese Podengo Grande (Smooth)
6. Portuguese Podengo Grande (Wirehaired)

Interestingly, in its home country, the Podengo is called Small Podengo, Medium Podengo or Large Podengo. It is completely acceptable for the hair description to come before or after the 'type' name.

Portuguese Podengo Facts

The Portuguese Podengo is a national breed of Portugal, and is featured as the Portuguese Kennel Club's mascot on their logo. It is an ancient hunting breed first written about in the 13th century and depicted on the stonework of 11th century Portuguese churches. A remarkably healthy breed, the Pequenos have been known to live twenty years, with the average lifespan of the breed approximately 15-17 years. The Médios can live to be approximately 12-15 years.

• The Portuguese Podengo is represented in the United States by its parent club, the Portuguese Podengo Club of America (www.podengos.com) and is recognized in the US by the United Kennel Club, American Rare Breed Association, Rarities (North American Kennel Club) the American Sighthound Field Association and is recorded in the American Kennel Club's Foundation Stock Service, the first step towards eventual full recognition by the AKC. The Portuguese Podengo has been accepted for AKC's Companion Events beginning on January 1, 2008.

• In Europe, the Podengo is classified by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) as Group 5: Spitz and primitive type, Section 7: Primitive type hunting dogs. The FCI breed standard, which originates in Portugal, governs all types and varieties of the Portuguese Podengo.
• Portugal registers the most Podengos, followed by Finland, England and the United States.
• The small Podengo traveled aboard the ships of Portuguese explorers such as Magellan and Vasco da Gama. Evidence points to many breeds throughout the world that may trace their roots to those primitive dogs that also eventually became the Podengo.
• The Podengo is a hardy, intelligent and lively breed, excelling at agility and making fine companions. Loyal and fearless, the Podengo is also a good house guard and easy to train for dog experienced people and those that enjoy learning dog behavior.

The Portuguese Podengo Pequeno

The Pequeno (small) Podengo is an avid rabbit hunter and fine companion with a rich history. Growing in popularity by leaps and bounds, the Pequeno comprises about 80% of the Podengos residing in the United States, with the vast majority of these being wire coat Pequenos. Like many small but energetic breeds, the Portuguese Podengo Pequeno it is often referred to as "a big dog in a small package" and is lively, hardy and exceptionally fun loving.

Portuguese Podengo Medio

Appearance

• WIREHAIRED

The WPPM is a medium-sized breed with a rough coat that functions as an air conditioner in the hot weather. This coat was preferred in the South of their native Portugal, which is very warm. The single coat (without undercoat) does shed but not very much.

• SMOOTH COAT

The Smooth Coat Portuguese Podengo Medio is a medium-sized breed with a dense smooth single layer coat that is extremely low maintenance. It naturally sheds dust and dirt and dries very quickly. For that reason the Smooth Coat variety is preferred in the North of their native Portugal, which is climatically very similar to Northern California, with rainy winters. The single coat (without undercoat) does shed but not very much.

Temperament

Both kinds of Podengo Médio are friendly, hardy, and intelligent companions. They are very active and usually good with children and other animals, including livestock, especially when socialized from an early age.

They are watchful and observant and will bark when something gets their attention. They enjoy digging and need a secure fence, optimally enclosing their own yard. As they are very agile, regular fencing might not be enough, as they are exellent jumpers and climbers. The best way to address this is with a high enough fence to prevent jumping and a "fence" below the ground, preferably of hardware cloth.

When trained, Podengos can have good recall when not on leash. While hiking with them, they generally stay in visual distance and "check"on their owners frequently, always being aware of their position (although that can mean a few acres away). Like all dogs, they must be trained on the recall, or they might get lost or run away.

They are an enthusiastic, trainable dog. This trainability led them to star in a number of movies in the 1990's, including Soccer Dog and Zeus and Roxanne.

History

The Portuguese Podengo Médio, both smooth coat and wirehaired, has existed, unregistered, in the United States for decades in small numbers with Portuguese-Americans in private home settings, where they have been used for traditional rabbit hunting. They were never really popularized outside of their immigrant homesteads. They are attractive, nice family dogs, with a touch of mischief.

Wire coat Pequenos were first shown in the United States in 2001. Smooth Podengo Pequenos and Podengo Médios began being shown in America in 2002 and Wirehaired Podengo Médios began being shown in America in 2005.

They are still rare. Breeders in Portugal primarily breed for rabbit hunting, not pets. They are hunting dogs, often kept in kennels, not in homes. The idea of Wirehaired Podengo Médios being kept more as house pets began with breeders in Europe. Similarly, American-born Médios are socialized and tempered to household life.

Portuguese Pointer

A Portuguese Pointer, (Portuguese: Perdigueiro Português) is a breed of dog developed as a gun dog. It is one of several pointing breeds and is mainly used in grey partridge hunting.


Appearance

A female Portuguese Pointer

The Portuguese Pointer is a dog of medium proportions, and should be well balanced. When being evaluated at a conformation show it should be judged for conformation that benefits working ability, deviations from the standard should be penalised according to the amount that they interfere with working ability. It should be almost square in build, with the 10:10½ height to length ratio. The tail is docked to half, or two-thirds the natural length, and should be held level with the spine when the dog is excited, hanging down otherwise.

Coat and colour

The coat is short and coarse on most of the dog, being the texture of velvet on the ears and face.

Its standard colour is yellow or light brown, both unicoloured or with white markings.

Size

The height at the withers is 56 - 50 cm (22 - 20 in). The weight is 20 - 27 kl (44 - 59 lb) for males, and 16 - 21 kl (35 - 48 lb) for females.

Portuguese Shepherd Dog / Cão da Serra de Aires

The Cão da Serra de Aires (English: Aires Mountain Dog), is a Portuguese shepherd dog from the Aires mountains, situated north of the Tagus river.

Males stand 18 to 22 inches, and females are slightly smaller, ranging from 16 to 20 inches. The weight should be between 26 lbs. and 40 lbs.

Portuguese Water Dog

Portuguese Water Dogs are a dog breed bred by the Portuguese at least 500 years ago to help with fishing.

Appearance

Their closest relatives are the Standard Poodle; and like poodles they may have curly coats, do not shed, and are highly intelligent. However, Portuguese Water Dogs have less curly hair than poodles, feathery tails, and are smaller than the Standard Poodle breed. Male Portuguese Water Dogs usually grow to be about 20 to 23 inches tall, and weigh between 40 to 60 pounds, while the females usually grow to be about 17 to 21 inches tall and weigh between 35 to 50 pounds. The hair is usually worn in a"retriever cut" or a "lion cut." In the lion cut, the hindquarters, muzzle, and the base of the tail are shaved and the rest of the body is left full length. This cut originated with the fishing dogs of Portugal to keep the body warm while allowing movement of the back legs. The retriever cut is left 1" (2.5 cm) long evenly over the body (although some owners prefer the muzzle or the base of the tail shorter). This cut is a more recent style and originated because breeders wanted to make the breed more appealing and less unusual looking for buyers.

Most PWDs, especially traditional show dogs, are entirely black, black and white, or brown; however, it is common to see white chests and legs on black or brown coats. "Parti" coats, with white coat and black spots, are rare but visually striking. "Parti" dogs are becoming more common in the United States. However, in Portugal the breed standard does not allow more than 30% white markings. The hair is either wavy or curly and like poodle hair, will not shed. The hair must be trimmed about every two months and, although it is possible to groom at home, it is usually easier to pay a professional groomer. White hair is finer than black.

Coat Types

In accordance with the breed standard, Portuguese Water Dogs have two coat types, wavy and curly. From the Portuguese Water Dog Club of America Revised Standard for the Portuguese Water Dog:

• Curly coat: "compact, cylindrical curls, somewhat lusterless. The hair on the ears is sometimes wavy".

• Wavy coat: "Falling gently in waves, not curls, and with a slight sheen".

White is one of the less-common colours among PWDs

Occasionally, a dog may have what is termed an "improper" coat. This is an Aesthetic variation that relates to what is believed to be a recessive gene. It causes the dog to have an undercoat (unlike curly- and wavy-coated PWDs), a flatter coat overall, and may have curling on the hocks, and generally appears more Spaniel- or Border Collie-like. Because these dogs do not adhere to the breed standard, they may not be shown in competition, but otherwise are completely healthy and have all the excellent traits of PWDs. Some reports indicate that these coats shed more and are not hypoallergenic, although more study is needed. For more information on improper coats,

The dogs also have an interesting bluish tinge to their skin that is hard to notice underneath their black fur. Predominantly white varieties have pink skin and are more sensitive to exposure to the sun than black or brown dogs. Their paws are slightly webbed for swimming, which one can notice by trying to pass one's finger between the dog's toes. Because the PWD has a single layered coat, they can live extremely well even among people that suffer from dog allergies. This breed does not shed its fur, it only falls out once the hair root has died, just like with human hair.

Temperament

Portuguese Water Dogs are active and well-suited to many dog sports

Portuguese Water dogs make excellent companions. They are loving and intelligent. Because they are working dogs, they are generally content in being at their master's side. Owners of this breed will attest that their PWD usually stays in close proximity to them both indoors and outdoors. This is typical of the breed, as it loves attention and prefers to be engaged in activity of all kinds. This is not a breed to be left alone for long periods of time, indoors or out. Do not be surprised if your PWD brings you a "gift" or toy when you get home as a way of controlling his enthusiasm in greeting you. As water dogs, the retrieving instinct is strong (even in those who are smart enough to realize, after the 10th retrieve, that you'll just throw it out again). This breed makes an excellent guard dog due to its determination to defend its territory and a very loud and distinctive bark.

While excellent companions to those who understand their needs, Portuguese Water Dogs are not for everyone. Their intelligence and working drive demand consistent attention in the form of regular vigorous exercise and mental challenges. They look (and are) soft, cuddly, cute -- but are not to be mistaken as "couch potatoes." When bored, PWDs will become destructive. A PWD will get into the garbage, silently snag food off the kitchen counters when your back is turned, and even learn to open cabinet doors. Heavy-duty chew toys can help keep him occupied when the owner is busy. Be sure to Portie-proof your home by keeping all fragile items (especially potted plants) out of reach. Make sure you research what types of plants (such as Poinsettias) and foods (such as chocolate) are poisonous to dogs before getting one.

History

At home in the water

Originating back to the 1500s in Portugal, Portuguese Water Dogs were originally used by fishermen. They were used to send messages between boats, herd fish into the nets, to retrieve fish and articles from the water, and to guard the fishing boats. They also helped to bring in nets and to save fishermen when they fell in the water. They were very popular, and this might be where they picked up their loyal and dependable characteristics. Eventually commercial fishing equipment made the dogs unnecessary.

They fell out of favor and almost became extinct. At one point in the 1970s, there were only 25 Portuguese Water Dogs in the world. Since then, breeders have been carefully bringing back the breed. The process has been carefully done in order to prevent any defects from inbreeding. There are now over ten thousand PWDs in the U.S.A. alone. There are also many in Finland today, where they are still used by fishermen.

Miscellaneous

• Portuguese Water Dogs have been used to get Splash Hits (baseballs hit out of the park into the water known as McCovey Cove) at AT&T Park in San Francisco.

• The Portuguese Water Dog is a fairly rare breed; only 15 entrants for Portuguese Water Dogs were made to England's Crufts competition in 2002, although their personality and non-shedding qualities have made them more popular in recent years.

• As with all dog breeds, PWDs are vulnerable to certain genetic defects. Like poodles, PWDs are vulnerable to hip dysplasia and cataracts. However, the risk of a PWD developing hip dysplasia can be greatly reduced by thoroughly checking the pedigrees and health clearances in both the sire and dam of your dog.

Often Colored Pattern Of Portuguese Water Dog; Curly Coat Type

• Portuguese Water Dogs have a multi-octave voice. Although they are not prone to barking excessively, they usually have a wide range of barks and sighs. PWD's also have an audible "laugh," a loud, irregular, breathy pant used at play or during greetings.

• Senator Ted Kennedy is the owner of a Portuguese Water Dog named Splash. Splash serves as the fictional narrator in Kennedy's children's book called My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington, D.C.

• BARK team members feature Portuguese Water Dogs who retrieve home run balls that land in McCovey Cove, the body of water adjacent to Pacific Bell Park. During every Sunday home game, these talented canines will work from boats and dive after splash hit baseballs that land in the water during batting practice and the game. "SF Giants' BARK"

• "Cutty Sark" owned by Rod Lawson is an example of how the breed is still favored (and utilized) by boaters and fisherman. Cutty is a valuable first mate onboard the cruising yacht Viajero.

Dr. Antonio Cabral was the founder of De Avalade kennels in Portugal, Ch. Charlie de Avalade (Charlie)and C. B. Baluarte De Avalade (Balu) are two of his many famous PWD. He registered his first PWD in 1954, re-establishing the breed in Portugal as well as working with Carla Molinari, Deyanne Miller, Sonja Santos and others to establish PWD in the US. The "Mark of Cabral" is usually a few inches from the base of the tail, usually a triangular shape of different color/textured hair. You can see it more easily on a fresh lion clip - it can look like the clipper got too close.

Due to the limited gene pool for this breed, conscientious breeders carefully study pedigrees and select dogs to minimize the chance of genetic disease. Unfortunately, like many breeds, a growing popularity has encouraged breeding by people who are not knowledgable about the breed. Anyone seeking a puppy should carefully research not only the breed, but also the breeder.

Prague Ratter / Pražský Krysařík

Prazsky Krysarik A small breed of dog from the Czech and Slovak Republics that is rarely seen outside its country of origin.

Appearance

The dog's coat consists of short, glossy hair and its colour is mostly black and tan. There are yellow, red, blue, black and tan, and also brown and tan. It is 2 cm shorter in maximum height than the minimum height of the Miniature Pinscher. Ideal height is 19 cm to 22 cm. Adult height of under 17 cm or over 23 cm is not allowed. Adult weight is between 0.5 kg to 3 kg. Ideal weight is 2 kg.

Temperament

The Prazsky Krysarik is very active, alert and lively. This breed is gentle and intelligent. They are naturally wary of strangers but are always loving to their family. This is a very quick and lively dog.

History

It used to grace the royal palaces in the Middle Ages. It was later used as rat catchers by "ordinary" people. It has been a breed since before the Polish king Boleslav II The Brave (1058 -1080). He became fond of the Ratter. He had two and they came from Bohemia (the Czech lands). It is said that the Prague Ratter started to lose favor in the 19th century as the Miniature Pinscher became more prevalent. The breed started to experience a renaissance in the 1980s as Czechs and Slovaks started to breed them again.

Health

Subject to bone injuries due to their small size. Also subject to patellar luxation, an ailment common to small breeds. Krysariks can also have retained baby teeth which may need to be pulled to prevent further problems with dentition.

Life Expectancy

The Prazsky Krysarik has a life span of 12 to 14 years.

Pudelpointer

A Pudelpointer is a versatile hunting dog breed from Germany. They are a pointing breed that came from a cross between the German hunting poodle (pudel) and the English Pointer.

Appearance

The breed weighs between 44 and 66 pounds (20-30 kg), stands 21 to 26 inches (53-66 cm) at the shoulder, and comes in liver, chestnut, and occasionally black coats. The ideal coat is harsh, wiry, and dense. They also shed very little.

History

In 1881, a German breeder, Baron von Zedlitz, worked on producing his ideal tracking, pointing, and retrieving gun dog, suitable for work on both land and water. From seven specific Poodles and nearly 100 different pointers, he developed the Pudelpointer. The original sire was Tell, an English Pointer belonging to Kaiser Frederick III and the original dam was a German hunting pudel named Molly who was owned by Hegewald, an author known for works on hunting dogs.

The goal was to produce a dog that was willing and easy to train, intelligent, and loved water and retrieving, like the poodle, and add to that a great desire to hunt, a strong pointing instinct, and an excellent nose, like in the English Pointer, as well as being an excellent companion in the home.

The Poodle breed had much stronger genes, and so many more Pointers were used to achieve the balanced hunting dog that was desired. A mix of 11 Pudels and 80 Pointers were used during the first 30 years to achieve the desired traits and results.

The breed was introduced to North America in 1956 by Bodo Winterhelt, who to this day, remains very involved in maintaining the breed standard. His Winterhelle Kennel was the foundation of the breed in North America. In 1977 Winterhelt founded the Pudelpointer Club of North America in Canada.

It has never become a popular or well-known breed. However, it is slowly gaining notoriety with many serious upland bird and waterfowl hunters in the U.S. and Canada. In Germany, its performance standards are its most important traits and each dog must pass a test of its field and water skills to be officially registered as a Pudelpointer.

Pug

A Pug is a toy dog breed with a wrinkly face and medium-small body. The word "pug" may have derived from the Latin Pugnus (fist); the Pug's face can look like a clenched fist.

The breed is often summarized as multum in parvo ("much in little"), in reference to the Pug's great personality, despite its small size.

Appearance

While most Pugs appearing in eighteenth century prints tended to be long and lean, the current breed standards call for a square, cobby body, a compact form, deep chest, and well-developed muscle. Their heads, carried on arched necks, should be substantial and round, the better to accentuate their large, bulging, dark eyes. The wrinkles on their foreheads should be distinct and deep,and were especially prized by the Chinese as they seemed to spell out the character for prince. The ears should be smooth and soft, like black velvet and come in two varieties: "rose" (small, round and folded with the front edge angled toward the mask, giving the head a more rotund shape) and "button" (level with the top of forehead and folded at a sharp ninety degree angle). Breeding preference goes to "button" Pugs. The lower teeth should protrude farther than their upper, meeting in an underbite.

Coat and color

Pug with fawn coat.

A black Pug

Their fine, glossy coats can be apricot, fawn, silver or black. A silver coat is characterized by a very light coloured coat, absent of black guard hairs. Some unscrupulous breeders call "smutty" Pugs silver. A "smutty" Pug typically has a very dark head, with no clear delineation at the mask, and dark forelegs. The tail should curl tightly over the hip; a double curl is considered perfection.

Pugs of different coat types shed to varying degrees, but they all shed year round. Fawn Pugs, which have both an undercoat and an overcoat, are the most notorious for shedding. Pug owners have gone to great lengths to control this Pug characteristic. Partial solutions to the problem involve using special shampoos, supplementing or changing the Pug's diet, or even trimming the Pug's coat. Alternatively, regular coat grooming can keep the shedding down.

The silver variety of pug is much less common in the United States with Black and Fawn being the dominant colors. A pug with a hard or woolly coat are considered objectionable by the AKC and are viewed unfavorably in shows. There is supposed to be a clear trace or black line extending from the head of the pug to the tail. Additionally, moles and birthmarks are accepted and are not viewed upon unfavorably.

Temperament

Pugs are very sociable dogs, and usually very stubborn. Yet they are playful, charming and clever and are known to succeed in dog obedience skills. Pugs are sensitive to the tone of a human voice, so harsh punishment is generally unnecessary. While Pugs mostly get along well with other dogs and pets, they generally prefer the company of humans and require a great deal of human attention; they may become slightly anxious or agitated if their owner ignores them or does not play with them; however some may occupy themselves when the owner is away. In general, they are very attentive dogs, always at their owner's feet, in their lap, or following them from room to room.

Health

Pugs have large, expressive eyes and a wrinkled face. These wrinkles can sometimes cause adverse health effects.

Because Pugs lack longer snouts and prominent skeletal brow ridges, they are susceptible to eye injuries such as puncture wounds and scratched corneas and painful Entropion. Also, the compact nature of their breathing passageways can cause problems such as difficulty breathing. Furthermore, dogs regulate their temperature through evaporation from the tongue. Because of the problems Pugs have with breathing, in conjunction with how all dogs regulate their temperature, Pugs may have trouble controlling their temperature. Pugs are bred to be indoor pets only, and must not be left outside in temperatures over 80 degrees Fahrenheit, despite loving to "sunbathe", and should never be left inside cars on hot days.

Pugs living a mostly sedentary life can be prone to obesity. Therefore, it is important for Pug owners to make sure their pets have regular exercise and a healthy diet.

Pugs can also suffer from a chronic form of granulomatous meningoencephalitis (an inflammation of the brain) specific to the breed called Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE). There is no known cause or cure for PDE, although it is believed to be an inherited disease. All dogs tend to either die or are euthanised within a few months after the onset of clinical signs.

Pugs, along with other brachycephalic dogs (e.g. boxers, bulldogs), are also prone to hemivertebrae. The screwtail is an example of a hemivertebrae, but when it occurs in others areas of the spine it can be devastating, causing such severe paralysis that euthanasia is a serious recommendation.

The Pug, like other short-snouted breeds, has an elongated palate. When excited, they are prone to a "reverse sneeze" where the dog will quickly, and seemingly laboriously, gasp and snort. This is caused by fluid or debris getting caught under the palate and irritating the throat or limiting breathing. "Reverse sneezing" episodes will not hurt a Pug, but it will scare the dog, and maybe its owners, a good deal. The quickest way to stop these episodes is to talk to them calmly and gently rub the throat to induce swallowing. Otherwise, the reverse sneezing will usually resolve on its own. It is important that future and present pug owners recognize this phenomenon as a pathological symptom rather than value it as a seemingly endearing behavioral pattern.

Most Pugs are born via cesarean section. Some breeders watch over their expecting mothers for the last 3 weeks of their pregnancy as the mother Pug, due to their pushed in face and jaw,are unable to break the birth sack when the pups are born, so the human must do this for her.

As Pugs have many wrinkles in their faces, owners must take special care to clean inside the creases, as irritation and infection can result from improper care. Pugs also need to have their claws trimmed regularly and frequent baths.

Pugs are one of several breeds that are more susceptible to Demodectic mange, also known as Demodex.This condition is caused by a weakened immune system, and it is a minor problem for many young Pugs. It is easily treatable. Some Pugs, however, are especially susceptible to the condition, and will present with a systemic form of the condition. This vulnerability is thought to be genetic, and good breeders will avoid breeding dogs who have had this condition.

Pugs can be expected to live from about 10 to 15 years.

History

Origins

Bred to adorn the laps of the Chinese emperors during the Shang dynasty (1766-1122 BC), in East China, where they were known as "Lo-Chiang-Sze" or "Foo" (ceramic foos, transmogrified into dragon, with their bulging eyes are very Pug-like). The Pug's popularity spread to Tibet, where they were mainly kept by monks, and then went onto Japan, and finally Europe.

Professor Ludvic von Schulmuth studied canine origins by studying the skeletal remains of dogs found in human settlements as long as ten thousand years ago. Schulmuth created a genealogical tree of Tibetan dogs that shows the "Gobi Desert Kitchen Midden Dog", a scavenger, evolved into the "Small Soft-Coated Drop-Eared Hunting Dog". From this dog evolved the Tibetan Spaniel, Pekingese, and Japanese Chin.Another branch coming down from the "Kitchen Midden Dog" gave rise to the Papillon and Long-haired Chihuahau and yet another "Kitchen Midden Dog" branch to the Shih Tzu and the Pug.

Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

Hogarth with his Pug Trump, 1745

The breed was first imported in the late 16th and 17th centuries by merchants and crews from the Dutch East Indies Trading Company.The Pug later became the official dog of the House of Orange.In 1572, a Pug saved the Prince of Orange's life by barking at an assassin. A Pug also traveled with William III and Mary II when they left the Netherlands to ascend to the throne of England in 1688. This century also saw Pugs' popularity on the rise in other European countries. In Spain, they were painted by Goya, in Italy Pugs dressed in matching jackets and pantaloons sat by the coachmen of the rich,and in Germany and France. Pugs appear several times as footnotes to history.

Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

The popularity of the Pug continued to spread in France during the eighteenth century. Before her marriage at age 15 to Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette owned a Pug named Mops (the German, Dutch and Swedish name for the dog's breed).Before her marriage to Napoleon Bonaparte, Joséphine had her Pug, Fortune, carry concealed messages to her family while she was confined at Les Carmes prison. The pet was the only recipient of visiting rights.

The English painter William Hogarth owned a series of Pugs, to which he was devoted. In 1745 he painted his self-portrait together with that of his Pug, Trump, now in the Tate Gallery, London.

In nineteenth century England, Pugs flourished under the patronage of the monarch Queen Victoria.Her many Pugs, which she bred herself, included Olga, Pedro, Minka, Fatima and Venus. Her involvement with the dogs in general helped to establish the Kennel Club, which was formed in 1873. Victoria favoured fawn and apricot Pugs, whereas the aristocrat Lady Brassey is credited with making black Pugs fashionable after she brought some back from China in 1886.

The Pug arrived in the United States during the nineteenth century (the American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1885) and was soon making its way into the family home and show ring.

Puggle (dog)

A puggle is a crossbreed between two breeds of dogs, a pug and a beagle.

Appearance

Puggles tend to be between 15–35 pounds and stand 13–15 inches at the shoulders. While colors vary, the vast majority are fawn–colored with wrinkled black masks similar to Pug. There are also completely black as well as multicolored puggles, both of which tend to have a longer body, slightly increased size, and longer nose and floppy ears associated with beagles. There are advantages for the mix breed. For instance, while pugs tend to have pushed in faces, puggles do not. This avoids respiratory problems, which is associated with pugs. Likewise, most puggles do not inherit the notorious beagle howl.

Because puggles are a crossbreed, the appearance of the breed is less predictable than that of a purebred dog. This is due to the decreased ability to predict which attributes will be inherited from which parent. Commonly referred to as a "designer dog", puggles have a playful temperament. Since they are classified as "lap dogs", puggles love to cuddle.

Puggles have a tail the length of a Beagle but tends to be curled like a Pug.

Health

A black puggle.

Because of their longer legs, eye socket size, and less effusive wrinkles, puggles often avoid many difficulties with eyes, joints, and skin wrinkles common to pugs. However, they may have more problems than typical beagles. While pugs are particularly susceptible to heat stroke, the longer nasal cavity of the puggle makes the breed more tolerant to the heat, and less likely to overheat while running in the summer. Conversely, their nasal cavities are likely to be shorter and less efficient than those of beagles, which could be a problem if the dog also inherited the beagle's propensity to run; especially for long periods.

Maintenance

Puggles are low maintenance dogs. They need an occasional bath, nail clipping, tooth brushing, and ear cleaning. They are not hypoallergenic because neither a Beagle nor a Pug are hypoallergenic. They shed very little.

Opinions

There is controversy about the wisdom of breeding beagles and pugs together. Proponents of puggles cite the argument of "hybrid vigor". Dogs with greater genetic variation are often not as susceptible to certain breed specific illnesses and defects.

Critics of puggles cite that beagles were bred with longer muzzles to effectively pant and cool themselves while hunting. They point out that pugs were bred mostly for companionship, and an aesthetically flat face that makes panting and cooling difficult. It is widely known that pugs are susceptible to heat exhaustion and dehydration.

There is concern that crossing the two breeds could result in a puppy with an internal drive to run and hunt like its beagle parent, but is not physically equipped to pant and cool itself well like its pug parent, thus creating a puppy more likely to suffer from heat-related illness. Heat stroke is a serious condition in dogs and needs to be treated by a veterinarian immediately.

Temperament

As pets, puggles have the mild mannered yet playful "lap dog" qualities often associated with pugs, mixed with the more energetic tendencies typical of the hunting qualities of a beagle. A cheerful clown who loves to play but then quickly tires for a short nap, puggles are mid-sized dogs that make excellent house pets, and many puggle owners testify to their winning personality as one of their strongest points. Puggles are affectionate and get along well with children. They retain the friendly, laid-back disposition of both breeds, but while their size makes them perfect for apartments, they need a bit more exercise and attention than some traditional apartment dogs (pugs included). Like most dogs, puggles also bark, and vary widely as to how often they bark. Some inherit the odd, nasal baying of beagles, a mix of a baying hound and the cooing of a pigeon (some say sounding like Gizmo from the movie Gremlins). That said, their barking is much more easy to deal with than most beagles, and many puggles are barely vocal at all.

• It should be noted that while the above temperament qualities are what is hoped for in the cross-breeding of a pug and beagle, since the puggle is a hybrid (and therefore not a true breed) there is no guarantee that the above traits will hold true in any particular puppy. Also, since the puggle is a hybrid, it is ill-advised to breed two puggles together as the resulting litter will bear little resemblance to its parents.

Miscellaneous

The Puggle's face often shows the influence of the pug in its flat features and round eyes.

• A smaller version of the puggle is also available, called the "pocket puggle." A pocket puggle is the result of a small beagle and pug mating or a mix between a rat terrier and pug. This puggle is about 10 pounds lighter at maturity, but it is assumed to have the same traits as a regular puggle. However it is important to keep in mind that because it is a mix between a rat terrier and a pug, it would have traits of the rat terrier instead of the beagle.

• Puggles are mixed breed dogs, and are not eligible for registration with any major kennel club. The AKC, the UKC, the NKC, The CKC (Canadian Kennel Club) and Continental Kennel Clubs do not recognize puggles as a breed. Mixed Breed Dog Clubs of America offers a registry for sterile puggles. Puggles are terrific athletes, and enjoy field trials, agility trials and obedience. Some clubs offer these events to mixed breed dogs.

The temperament of the dog makes it an ideal companion for other pets or children.

Pugnaces Britanniae

Pugnaces Britanniae (Latin) or War Dog of Britannia is an extinct breed of dog and progenitor to the English Mastiff.

Appearance

The references by Roman writers to the canes pugnaces of Roman Britain suggest a dog of a large and heavy type. Oppian says the fighting dog had light brown eyes, truncated muzzle, loose skin above the brows, a broad back, great stature, and muscular legs.

History

Gratius Falsius an ancient Roman author and historian wrote in the year 8 AD of a large exhibition of dog fights in the ancient Roman amphitheatres between the Pugnaces Britanniae from Britannia and the Molossus from Epirus. The exhibition reflected the wide-mouthed dogs from Britain were far superior to the ancient Greek Molossus.

“	Although the British dogs are distinguished neither by colour nor good anatomy, I could not find any particular faults with them. When grim work must be done, when special pluck is needed when Mars summons us to battle most extreme, then the powerful Molossus will please you less and the Athamanen dog cannot measure up to the skill of the British dog either.	”
	— Gratius Falsius, 8 AD

The ancient Roman historian Strabo reported in 38 AD of large English dogs, which were bred in their homeland of Britannia to hunt dangerous game and as war dogs.

In 43 AD, the Roman conquest of Britain made Britannia a Roman province. At that time, in Britain there were giant, wide-mouthed dogs, which the Romans called Pugnaces Britanniae, that surpassed their Molossus dogs. A Procurator Cynegii, was stationed in Venta Belgarum and responsible for selecting these dogs, which were exported to Rome for contests in the amphitheatre and for integration into the military of ancient Rome as war dogs.

The 'Pugnaces' dogs of Roman Britain were specifically referred to by the Greek historian Arrian in 130 AD.

Puli

The Puli is a medium-small breed of dog known for its long, corded coat. The tight curls of the coat, similar to dreadlocks, make it virtually waterproof.

Appearance

Black Puli with cords tied up to avoid collecting twigs and dirt

The Puli is a solid colored dog and can be black, white, gray or a cream color, "fako" in Hungary. There is also a variation of the cream coat where the dog has a black mask. The breed standard calls for females to stand about 16 inches (42 cm) at the shoulder, and for males to be 17 inches. Females can weigh 23-25 pounds, males slightly more. The coat is the result of a controlled matting process and needs considerable grooming to keep its cords clean, neat, and attractive, or it needs regular trimming to a short coat for lower maintenance, although the corded coat is what attracts many people to the breed.

Sometimes Puli are shaved down in the mistaken attempt to help the dog feel cooler in hot weather.

History

The Puli was bred in the early 20th century by Emil Raitsits and his companions from long-haired working sheepdogs. The name of the breed is first mentioned in the 18th century, but it is difficult to say what the dog looked like then. The word Puli may be related to the German word for Poodle.

Temperament

By nature an affectionate, intelligent and home-loving companion, the Puli is sensibly suspicious and therefore an excellent watchdog. Barks a lot. A very active dog.

Pumi (dog)

The Pumi is a medium-small terrier-type breed of dog. It is a sheep dog from Hungary. The plural of Pumi is Pumik in Hungarian, Pumis in English.

Appearance

Most Pumis are gray, and any shade of gray is accepted in the show ring. Gray Pumis are born black but puppies usually start graying at the age of 6 to 8 weeks, and the shade gradually lightens. The final shade can be predicted by the color of the parents. Other accepted colors are black, white, and maszkos fakó, which is yellow-brown with a darker mask. This color is known as sable with mask in other breeds, such as the Terveuren. The graying often also affects the maszkos fakó Pumi puppies, and the adults are often just slightly shaded. Other colors are possible, but not accepted for show dogs. Black and tan, brown, blue, and wolf-colored puppies are born occasionally.

The coat is curly, thick, and of medium length, approximately 7 cm long and consisting of a harsh topcoat and soft undercoat. The coat is maintained by combing every few weeks, and trimming every 2 to 4 months. The coat grows constantly (similar to that of the Poodle) and, if grooming is not maintained, the coat may start matting.

The Pumi trademark is its ears, which are always alert and very lively. Ears are high-set and the tip bends down. Ears are covered with longer hair than the rest of the body.

The Pumi is a light-bodied, square dog that looks slightly larger than it is because of the thick coat. The Pumi has a long, narrow head. The muzzle is 45% of the length of the head, which is of equal length to the neck. The stop is barely noticeable, and the skull is flat when seen from the side. The eyes are small, dark, and slightly oblique. Movements are lively and energetic, as is the Pumi itself.

Male Pumis stand 41 to 47 cm at the withers and weigh 10 to 15 kg; bitches are 38 to 44cm and weigh 8 to 13 kg.

Temperament

The Pumi can be very protective of its own family, and often slightly reserved toward strangers, so socialization must begin early. The Pumi is a lively and active breed. It is intelligent but barks easily. Pumik are moderately easy to train, as it is easy to motivate using toys or food.

Health

Pumis are a healthy breed with a life expectancy of 10 to 12 years, but Pumis have been known to live up to 17 years. Known medical problems are patella luxation and canine hip dysplasia.

The most extensive health records of the breed can be found from Finland and Sweden, and around 80% of the Pumik born there have healthy hips.

Activities

The Pumi was originally used as a herding dog, but now, most of them are used for other purposes such as dog agility, dog dancing, and obedience, but also can be trained for detection, search and rescue, and other purposes. Pumis have been used also for hunting wild boar.

History

The Pumi has been used as a "general farm dog", shepherding not only sheep but also cows and pigs, and also for catching small rodents. It originated in the 17th or 18th century, when shepherding terriers were brought to Hungary from Germany and France. These terrier-type dogs mixed with the Puli-type dogs that were in Hungary, and the result was a terrier-type herding dog. As a working dog, it was quite freely bred until the 1970s, and other Hungarian dogs such as the Puli and Mudi were used for breeding. Until recently there has been a special B-registry for work bred Pumi. The parentage of these dogs are unknown, but if they meet the breed standard, they can be given a "B-pedigree".

The Pumi received FCI recognition in 1966. The breed was quite unknown outside Hungary until the 1970s. In 1973, the first Pumis were exported to Finland, and in 1985 to Sweden. Later, Pumis were exported also to Germany, Netherlands, Italy, and in the 1990s to the USA.

Miscellaneous

The Pumi is relatively unknown outside Hungary, but in Sweden and Finland around 100 Pumis are registered every year. In both countries, the Pumi is a very popular agility dog, and Pumis are seen almost every year in the Championship competition. In Scandinavia, the Pumi is used for obedience and dog dancing competitions.

In 2004 Pumi was accepted to the American Kennel Club Foundation Stock Service program, and the Hungarian Pumi Club of America was founded.

Pungsan Dog / Poongsan

The Pungsan or Poongsan is a breed of dog from North Korea. Pungsan, a district in the mountains of northern North Korea, is where the Pungsan dogs received their name and were first bred.

Appearance

Pungsan have a thick coat, usually white in color. They have a curled tail and ears that generally point up. The Pungsan is Mixed breed with wolf found in North Korea. The Pungsan's fur is very fine and thick to account for the cold winters in the northern Korean peninsula.

Pungsan dogs are very strong and agile because of their past in mountainous regions. They have traditionally been used for hunting large animals, including Amur Tigers. They have a lot of stamina and therefore require extensive exercise.

Pyrenean Mountain Dog

The Pyrenean Mountain Dog, known as the Great Pyrenees in the United States, is a large, breed of dog that was used traditionally for protecting livestock (especially sheep) in pasture.

The Great Pyrenees is readily identifiable by a double dewclaw on each of its hind legs.

Details

Great Pyrenees guarding sheep

It is a very old breed, and has been used for millennia by the Basque people, who inhabit parts of the region in and around the Pyrenees Mountains of southern France. More recently, it served as the official dog of the royal French court (whose prominence began circa the Middle Ages, and lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century). During World War II the dogs were used to haul artillery over the Pyreneean Mountain range to and from Spain and France. They are related to several other large white European Livestock guardian dogs (LGD), including the Italian Maremma Sheepdog, Kuvasz (Hungary), Anatolian Shepherd (Turkey) and Polish Tatra or Polski Owczarek Podhalański.

Males weigh in at about 100-160 pounds (45-73 kilograms), while females are approximately 85-115 pounds (39-52 kilograms). Their fur is often white with shades of grey or tan around the face, ears and sometimes on the body; these dogs are called "blaireau". Only one in four will have a pure white coat. However, most dogs of this breed, when young, are colored gray with tan spots.

Trivia

Two adult Pyrenean Mountain Dogs

• In the anime/manga Azumanga Daioh, Chiyo Mihama's pet Tadakichi-san (Mr. Tadakichi) is a Great Pyrenees.
• In the anime/manga Full Metal Alchemist, Shou and Nina Tucker's dog Alexander is most likely a Great Pyrenees.
• In the novel, Belle et Sébastien, Belle is a Great Pyrenees.
• The 2004 film Finding Neverland used a Great Pyrenees to represent J.M. Barrie's Landseer Newfoundland.
• The Spanish designer Javier Mariscal was inspired by this dog breed for the design of the 1992 Summer Olympics mascot "Cobi".
• In Hanazakarino Kimitachihe, the male lead had a Great Pyreness for a pet.
• The Japanese series Ginga Densetsu Weed features a Great Pyrenees named Hiro.

Pyrenean Shepherd

The Pyrenean Shepherd is a medium-small breed of dog native to the Pyrenees mountains of southern France, bred since at least medieval times for herding livestock, especially sheep. It worked as an active herder together with the Great Pyrenees, who acted as the flock's guardian.

Appearance

A Berger des Pyrenees in the snow

The smallest of the French herding dogs, the Pyrenean is no more than 22 inches (56 cm) at the withers, with males between 15 1/2 to 22 inches (39-56 cm), and females between 15 to 20 inches (38-51 cm). The weight is between 15-32 lbs (7-15 kg), aiming for lithe and muscular, never fat.

The head is of small proportions in comparison to the dog, with a rather flat skull, and a somewhat short, triangular muzzle. The face is expressive and intelligent, with dark eyes, except in the case of merles or slate gray coat colour. In France and North America, the general choice for the dog's ears is cropped, otherwise, the Pyrenean Shepherd should have semi-prick or rose ears. Naturally prick ears are not correct for the breed, and may indicate an outcross.

The body is long and lean, and should reflect the natural energetic athleticism of the dog. The legs are well proportioned, with lean, well-angulated, well-let-down hocks typical of a sure-footed mountain breed. The tail can be docked short, a natural bob-tail, or naturally long with a crook in the end, so long as its carried below the topline at rest and in motion.

Rough-faced face detail

Coat

The coat has two basic varieties, smooth-faced and rough-faced (demi-long or long-haired). The smooth-faced variety has short, fine hairs on the muzzle, with a modest ruff around the face and neck, and some feathering along the legs, tail, and belly. In contrast, the rough-faced has longer, shaggy hair on the muzzle and face, though never enough to cover or obscure the eyes or create a bearded effect, and semilong or long, coarse hair over the rest of the body.

Colour

Shades of fawn are most typical for the breed, either with or without black mask and overlay. Also very common are brindles and various shades of grey. Less common are merles of various kinds (blue merle, brindle merle, fawn merle), and the much-rarer black. All colours allow for some white at the head, chest and feet, but solid colours are preferred.

Temperament

Rough-faced variety having fun

The Pyrenean Shepherd was designed to be a sheepdog, and as such is full of the same sort of energy that other herding dogs have, but in a surprisingly small package. This adaptive dog wants to, and can, do all the jobs on the field, and is a natural herder. A dog that needs a job, its cleverness makes it ideal for other work and dog sports such as flyball, competitive obedience and agility.

Pyreneans are "one-man" dogs, attached and dedicated to their owners, with a desire to follow them around the house to help with daily chores. They sense every mood and often seem to be able to read their masters' minds, as they are constantly watchful. Because of this, they are extremely trainable.

Their natural wariness, while valuable in a herding dog that may need to alert their shepherd of strange animals or people, combined with their herding bossiness, can lead to shyness or aggression in even the most friendly puppy if not properly managed. Frequent socialization from a very young age can help counter this trait.

Care

In spite of the shaggy coat, even the rough-faced Pyrenean needs only a weekly brush, as well as regular checks for burrs or knots, to keep its coat in show condition. The coat texture is resistant to tangling, and is quite manageable compared to more showy long-haired dogs.

History

A smooth-faced Berger des Pyrenees

After the first World War, the Pyrenean gained national recognition in France for their valiant work as couriers, search and rescue dogs, watch dogs, and company mascots.

The smooth-faced Pyrenean Shepherd in its harlequin or blue merle colouration may have been one of the foundation breeds for the Australian Shepherd in the late 19th and early 20th century.

It is not yet a well-known breed outside of its native France, but its size, intelligence, and attractive coat make it appealing. After one of its breed won the World Agility Championship for midsized dogs in 2003, it gained more attention as an intelligent performance dog for dog sports.